- 模具铸造五大缺陷及解决对策，够专业！
- 本站编辑：浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司发布日期：2017-12-28 11:02
缺陷一：铸造缩孔
Defect 1: casting shrinkage hole
主要原因有合金凝固收缩产生铸造缩孔和合金溶解时吸收了大量的空气中的氧气、氮气等，合金凝固时放出气体造成铸造缩孔。
The main reason is alloy shrinkage and shrinkage, resulting in shrinkage cavity and alloy absorption. It absorbs a lot of oxygen and nitrogen in air. When alloy solidified, gas is released and shrinkage cavity is formed.
解决的办法：
The solution:
1）放置储金球。
1) put the ball into the ball.
2）加粗铸道的直径或减短铸道的长度。
2) bold sprue diameter or shorten the sprue length.
3）增加金属的用量。
3) increase the amount of metal.
4）采用下列方法，防止组织面向铸道方向出现凹陷。
4) the following methods are used to prevent the formation of a depression in the direction of the casting path.
a.在铸道的根部放置冷却道。
A. placed a cooling channel at the root of the cast channel.
b.为防止已熔化的金属垂直撞击型腔，铸道应成弧形。
In order to prevent the molten metal from hitting the cavity vertically, the cast channel should be arc shaped.
c.斜向放置铸道。
C. is inclined to place the casting road.
缺陷二：铸件表面粗糙不光洁缺陷
Defect two: rough and rough defects on the surface of the castings
型腔表面粗糙和熔化的金属与型腔表面产生了化学反应，主要体现出下列情况。【金属加工微信，内容不错，值得关注】
The surface of the cavity surface has a chemical reaction to the surface of the molten metal and the surface of the cavity, which is mainly reflected in the following cases. [metal processing WeChat, good content, worth paying attention]
1）包埋料粒子粗，搅拌后不细腻。
1) the particles of the embedded material are coarse, and they are not delicate after mixing.
2）包埋料固化后直接放入茂福炉中焙烧，水分过多。
2) the entrapment material is solidified directly into the Maofu furnace and roasted, and the moisture is too much.
3）焙烧的升温速度过快，型腔中的不同位置产生膨胀差，使型腔内面剥落。
3) the heating rate of the calcination is too fast, and the different positions in the cavity produce the difference of expansion, which makes the surface of the cavity flake.
4）焙烧的比较高温度过高或焙烧时间过长，使型腔内面过于干燥等。
4) the highest temperature of the roasting is too high or the calcination time is too long, so that the surface of the type is too dry.
5）金属的熔化温度或铸圈的焙烧的温度过高，使金属与型腔产生反应，铸件表面烧粘了包埋料。
5) the temperature of the melting temperature of the metal or the roasting temperature of the casting ring is too high to cause the reaction of the metal to the cavity, and the surface of the casting is burned to the embedded material.
6）铸型的焙烧不充分，已熔化的金属铸入时，引起包埋料的分解，发生较多的气体，在铸件表面产生麻点。
6) mold baking is not sufficient, has been cast into the molten metal, caused by packet decomposition embedded material, gas more, produce pits on the surface of casting.
7）熔化的金属铸入后，造成型腔中局部的温度过高，铸件表面产生局部的粗糙。
7) molten metal is cast into the cavity, resulting in local temperature is too high, the casting surface from local roughness.
解决的办法：
The solution:
a.不要过度熔化金属。
A. do not overmelt metal.
b.铸型的焙烧温度不要过高。
The calcination temperature of the B. mold should not be too high.
c.铸型的焙烧温度不要过低（磷酸盐包埋料的焙烧温度为800度-900度）。
The calcination temperature of the C. mold should not be too low (the calcination temperature of the phosphate entrapment is 800 degrees -900 degrees).
d.避免发生组织面向铸道方向出现凹陷的现象。
D. avoids the occurrence of depression in the direction of the casting channel.
e.在蜡型上涂布防止烧粘的液体。
E. coating on wax prevents sticky liquid.
缺陷三：铸件发生龟裂缺陷
Defect three: crack defects in castings
有两大原因，一是通常因该处的金属凝固过快，产生铸造缺陷（接缝）；二是因高温产生的龟裂。
There are two major reasons, one is that the casting defects (joints) are usually produced because of the rapid solidification of the metal in the area, and the two is the cracking caused by the high temperature.
1）对于金属凝固过快，产生的铸造接缝，可以通过控制铸入时间和凝固时间来解决。铸入时间的相关因素：蜡型的形状。铸到的粗细数量。铸造压力（铸造机）。包埋料的透气性。凝固时间的相关因素：蜡型的形状。铸圈的比较高焙烧温度。包埋料的类型。金属的类型。铸造的温度。
1) as to the rapid solidification of metal, the casting joint can be solved by controlling the casting time and the time of solidification. The factors related to the casting time: the shape of the wax type. The amount of thickness to be cast. Casting pressure (casting machine). The permeability of the embedded material. The factors related to the time of solidification: the shape of the wax type. The maximum calcination temperature of the cast ring. The type of the embedded material. The type of metal. The temperature of the casting.
2）因高温产生的龟裂，与金属及包埋料的机械性能有关。下列情况易产生龟裂：铸入温度高易产生龟裂；强度高的包埋料易产生龟裂；延伸性小的镍烙合金及钴烙合金易产生龟裂。
2) the cracking caused by high temperature is related to the mechanical properties of metal and embedded materials. Cracking is easy to happen in the following conditions: high casting temperature and easy cracking, and high strength embedded material is easy to produce cracks; the small nickel and cobalt alloy are easy to crack.
解决的办法：
The solution:
使用强度低的包埋料；尽量降低金属的铸入温度；不使用延展性小的。较脆的合金。
Use of low strength embedded material; minimize the casting temperature of the metal; do not use small ductility. A more brittle alloy.
缺陷四：球状突起缺陷
Defect four: Spheroidal protuberance defect
主要是包埋料调和后残留的空气（气泡）停留在蜡型的表面而造成。
It is mainly caused by the remaining air (bubbles) remaining on the wax shaped surface after the mixing of the embedded materials.
1）真空调和包埋料，采用真空包埋后效果更好。
1) true air conditioning and embedded materials, the effect of vacuum embedding is better.
2）包埋前在蜡型的表面喷射界面活性剂（例如日进公司的castmate）
2) a wax type surface spray interface activator (such as castmate of Jimi) before embedding
3）先把包埋料涂布在蜡型上。
3) first coating the embedded material on the wax type.
4）采用加压包埋的方法，挤出气泡。
4) the bubble was extruded by pressure embedding.
5）包埋时留意蜡型的方向，蜡型与铸道连接处的下方不要有凹陷。
5) pay attention to the direction of the wax type when buried, and there is no depression at the bottom of the connection between the wax type and the casting road.
6）防止包埋时混入气泡。铸圈与铸座。缓冲纸均需密合；需沿铸圈内壁灌注包埋料（使用震荡机）。
6) prevent the entrapment from mixing in the bubble. Castings and castings. The cushioning paper should be close together; the inner wall of the casting ring should be filled with the embedded material (using a concussion machine).
7）灌满铸圈后不得再震荡。
7) no more shock can be made after filling the casting ring.
缺陷五：铸件的飞边缺陷
Defect five: Flemish defects of castings
主要是因铸圈龟裂，熔化的金属流入型腔的裂纹中。
It is mainly due to the crack of the cast ring, the molten metal flowing into the crack of the cavity.
解决的办法：
The solution:
1）改变包埋条件：使用强度较高的包埋料。石膏类包埋料的强度低于磷酸盐类包埋料，故使用时应谨慎。尽量使用有圈铸造。无圈铸造时，铸圈易产生龟裂，故需注。
1) change the embedding condition: the use of high strength embedded material. The strength of plaster package is lower than that of phosphate embedded material, so it should be used carefully. Try to use circle casting as far as possible. The casting ring is easily cracked when the casting is without circle casting, so it needs to be injected.
2）焙烧的条件：勿在包埋料固化后直接焙烧（应在数小时后再焙烧）。应缓缓的升温。焙烧后立即铸造，勿重复焙烧铸圈。
2) the conditions of roasting: do not roast directly after the entrapment is solidified (it should be calcined after several hours). It should be slowly warming up. Cast immediately after roasting, do not repeat the roasting ring.
- 上一篇：树脂砂型铸造机床床身铸件的优点
- 下一篇：铁型覆砂铸造主要解决什么问题?
